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There is little doubt that the green shoots of a quantum ecosystem in India have emerged. A National Quantum Mission, after a few years of delay, has got off the ground, with a funding of ₹6,003 crore for eight years. Four thematic hubs have been set up in as many higher educational institutions — for quantum computing, communications, sensing and metrology, and materials and devices — to provide infrastructure and mentorship to researchers and start-ups. Over a hundred start-ups have come up, eight of whom have recently selected for substantially higher funding — ₹10-25 crore — than typical government support to start-ups. At least one quantum computer, albeit a small one of seven qubits, has come up in the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). A few start-ups are itching to build bigger computers. A test bed for quantum internet has been built, which is expected to expand into an indigenous quantum network for hack-proof communication. On the face of it, what has emerged so far is a matter of satisfaction. However, a closer look at the system reveals that there is a need to reset the Mission, in terms of both funding and how the funds are distributed between projects and various objectives. First of all, the Mission is grossly underfunded. The 2020-21 Budget mentions an allocation of ₹8,000 crore for five years for the Mission; in April 2023, the Cabinet approved the Mission with an allocation of ₹6,003 crore for eight years, which (as the Chairman of the Mission’s governing board, Ajai Chowdhry acknowledges) is modest. Perhaps, as Chowdhry points out, the money tap could be opened as we go along; a level of financial assurance commensurate with the lofty aims of the Mission would be appropriate. For comparison, the US is considering a National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act, with a $2.7 billion outlay for five years. According to reports, China has spent $15 billion on quantum technologies. Even while taking into account the fact that talent costs less in India, the Mission’s budget appears to demand a relook. More importantly, though, it is necessary that appropriate — as opposed to equal— weightage is given to the four themes of the Mission. For example, the aim to develop quantum computers with 20-50 qubits in three years and going up to 50-1000 qubits in eight years, is pointless, given that today’s exascale — or even peta-scale — computers perform better than a 1000 qubit quantum computer and are, unlike quantum computers, error-free and more practical to use. Quantum sensing, with applications in medical diagnosis, and quantum communications, which can eliminate most of the risks in online transactions, is of immediate utility and easier to achieve than Q-computers. China has wisely focused on building communications — it has the world’s biggest quantum communications network of 12,000 km but has only a 72-qubit computer. The Mission needs to be reset for sharper focus on areas that can deliver immediate gains. Commentsfortune gems 3 max win 。

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